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1907 Carpenter Ave.
Des Moines, IA 50314
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515-286-2033
866-209-1300
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COLON CANCER SCREENING
What you need to know about colon cancer
  • You feel fine and try to take care of your health. Great! But you’re still at risk for colon cancer (sometimes called cancer of the large bowel), and you should get tested regularly if you’re 50 or older.
    • Colon cancer is the second leading cancer killer in America, but the great news is that colon testing can save your life, and even prevent colon cancer.
    • Colon cancer is most common in men and women over 50.
    • Colon cancer almost always starts with a polyp- a small growth inside the colon or rectum that may turn into cancer. Testing can find and remove polyps before cancer develops, or find cancer early when it can be cured.
    • African Americans and Ashkenazi Jews develop colon cancer more often.

  • Some people at higher risk for colon cancer need to start testing earlier than age 50 and have the tests done more often. Talk with your doctor if:
    • You have had polyps, colon cancer, or inflammatory bowel disease, or if a close relative has had colon cancer or polyps
    • A close relative has had other cancers (breast, ovarian, or uterine) since this may raise your risk of colon cancer

  • Early colon cancer often has no symptoms, so it’s important to get tested even if you have no symptoms at all. But later symptoms may include rectal bleeding, stomach cramps, weight loss, a change in bowel habits, or just feel tired. If you have any of the above symptoms, see your doctor. Treatment is very effective when colon cancer is found early.
Screening Tests
  • Fecal Occult Blood Stool Test - stool is tested for hidden blood
    • Advantages
      • No bowel preparation
      • Sampling is done at home
      • Inexpensive
      • Proven effective in research studies
      • No risk of bowel tears or infections
      • No sedation needed
    • Drawbacks
      • May miss some polyps and some cancers
      • Some false-positive test results
      • Must be done every year
      • More effective when combined with flexible sigmoidoscopy
      • Colonoscopy needed if test is abnormal

  • Flexible Sigmoidoscopy - short lighted tube inserted into rectum, allowing doctor to see lower third of bowel
    • Advantages
      • Fairly quick
      • Minimal bowel preparation
      • Convenient- can usually be done in your doctor’s office
      • No sedation needed
      • Done every five years
    • Drawbacks
      • Doctor can only see about a third of the colon
      • Can’t remove all polyps
      • Very small risk of infection or bowel tear
      • More effective when combined with yearly fecal occult blood testing
      • Colonoscopy needed if test is abnormal

  • Barium Enema - x-ray with air and dye injected into bowel through rectum
    • Advantages
      • Doctor can usually see the entire colon
      • No sedation necessary
      • Done every five years
    • Drawbacks
      • Can miss small polyps and some cancers
      • Can’t remove polyps
      • Full bowel preparation needed
      • Some false-positive test results
      • Colonoscopy needed if test is abnormal

  • Colonoscopy - long lighted tube inserted into rectum, allowing doctor to see entire large bowel
    • Advantages
      • Doctor can usually see the entire colon
      • Can biopsy and remove polyps
      • Done every 10 years
    • Drawbacks
      • Can miss small polyps
      • Full bowel preparation needed
      • Sedation of some kind usually needed
      • Although infrequent, higher risk of bowel tears or infections than other colon tests
What else can you do to lower your risk of colon cancer?
  • Ask relatives about your family’s cancer history
  • Get at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity 5 days a week (moderate = breathing as hard as you would during a fast walk)
  • Eat five or more servings of vegetables and fruits daily
  • Avoid tobacco, and limit alcohol if you drink at all
  • Maintain a healthy weight
Future Tests
  • A number of new ways to test for colon cancer are being studied. One such test is a new type of x-ray called CT colonography (also known as virtual colonoscopy). There are also new tests that look for abnormal cells in stool that can help detect polyps or cancer. While these tests may prove useful in the future, there is not enough evidence to support their use right now. The American Cancer Society will continue to review the results of scientific research on these types of tests.
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